The Economic Consequences of Available Diagnostic and Prognostic Strategies for The Evaluation of Stable Angina Patients: An Observational Assessment of the Value of Precatheterization Ischemia

Leslee J. Shaw, PHD,* Rory Hachamovitch, MD,† Daniel S. Berman, MD,‡ Thomas H. Marwick, MD,§ Michael S. Lauer, MD,§ Gary V. Heller, MD,\ Ami E. Iskandrian, MD,†‡ Karen L. Kesler, MS,¶ Mark I. Travin, MD,# Howard C. Lewin, MD,‡ Robert C. Hendel, MD,** Salvador Borges-Neto, MD,¶ D. Douglas Miller, MD,†† for the Economics of Noninvasive Diagnosis (END) Multicenter Study Group Atlanta, Georgia; New York, New York; Los Angeles, California; Cleveland, Ohio; Hartford, Connecticut; Durham, North Carolina; Providence, Rhode Island; Chicago, Illinois; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and St. Louis, Missouri